By Indicator detail
Please find below the lists of indicators that have been used to analyse each law. You can click on each of them and you will get the result for that indicator in each country.
| Country | Description | Scoring instructions | Max score | Finding | Points | Article | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 19. A person fulfilling the following criteria can be appointed as a member of the commission: 1-Have citizenship of Afghanistan; 2-Completed 30 years of age; 3-Have a bachelor’s degree at least; 4-Not sanctioned from practicing civil rights and not convicted due to serious crimes, crimes against humanity, and corruption; 5-Have 5 years of relevant work experience; 6-Have good reputation; 7-Have no political party membership; 8-Do not hold an appointed or elected public office. | |
| Albania | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Law on Protection of Personal Data: Article 34: "The function of the Commissioner shall be incompatible with every other state function, affiliation in political parties and partaking in their activities, with every other profitable activity, save teaching." Article 35: "Every Albanian citizen may be elected for the position of Commissioner if he/she meets the following criteria: a) University degree in law; b) breadth of knowledge and extinguished activities in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms; c) outstanding professional skills and a clean ethic and moral profile; not less than 10 years of work experience as a lawyer" | |
| Azerbaijan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Law on the Human Rights Commissioner, Article 3 | |
| Bahamas | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Section 30. Office of Information Commissioner. (6) The Commissioner must— (a) be a fit and proper person appropriately qualified for appointment; (b) be independent, impartial and accountable; and (c) have demonstrable knowledge in access to information, transparency or public and corporate governance. (7) The Commissioner must — (a) not have been convicted of a crime involving dishonesty or violence; (b) not have been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law; or (c) not within five years of the date of his nomination, have— (i) not held any political office; or (ii) not served as an official of a political party. | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 11 of the Law on the human right ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina 22/01/2001: "1. Any citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina of age enjoying full civil and political rights who has a demonstrated experience in the field of human rights and is of recognised and high moral stature may be elected as an Ombudsman" and 12 of the law on the human right ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina 22/01/2001; "1. An Ombudsman's duties shall terminate for any of the reasons below: a) His or her resignation; b) Expiry of his or her term of office; c) His or her manifest inability to perform his or her duties; d) Failure to give up an incompatible position as set forth in Article 17, paragraph 4, of this Law; e) His or her conviction and final sentencing for an intentional offence described in Article 16, paragraph 3, of this Law." | |
| Croatia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | (1) In order to be appointed the Commissioner, a person must meet the following requirements: Croatian citizenship and permanent residency in the Republic of Croatia, completed undergraduate and graduate study programme or an integrated undergraduate and graduate university programme in legal or social sciences, no less than 10 years of work experience in the profession, renowned expert of recognised ethical and professional reputation and experience in the area of protection and improvement of human rights, media freedom and democratic development, no prior convictions nor ongoing proceedings for criminal offences for which the procedure is initiated ex officio, no political party membership. | Can not be a member of a political party. Must have 10 years working experience and be a recognized expert. |
| Denmark | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Danish Ombudsman Act, Article 1, Section 2. "The Ombudsman shall not be a member of the Folketing, a municipal council or a regional council" and" The Ombudsman shall be a law graduate". | |
| Finland | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | [The Constitution of Finland] Article 38. The Parliament appoints for a term of four years a Parliamentary Ombudsman and two Deputy Ombudsmen, who shall have outstanding knowledge of law. [Parliamentary Ombudsman Act] Article 17. During their term of service, the Ombudsman and the Deputy-Ombudsmen shall not hold other public offices. In addition, they shall not have public or private duties that may compromise the credibility of their impartiality as overseers of legality or otherwise hamper the appropriate performance of their duties as Ombudsman or Deputy-Ombudsman. | Requirements of professional expertise are listed in both Acts (Parliamentary Ombudsman and Chancellor of Justice Act). |
| Gambia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 43(1) A person is eligible to be appointed an Information Commissioner if he or she - (a) is a fit and proper person; (b) has requisite academic qualifications and working experience; (c) is a publicly recognised human rights advocate; (d) is independent, impartial and accountable; and (e) has demonstrable knowledge in access to information, transparency or public and corporate governance. (2) A person is qualified from being appointed as an Information Commissioner if he or she (c) holds a political office or position at any level of the State or within a political party at the time of nomination, or has held such office or position in the five years preceding the nomination. | |
| India | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 12(5) The Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners shall be persons of eminence in public life with wide knowledge and experience in law, science and technology, social service, management, journalism, mass media or administration and governance. (6) The Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner shall not be a Member of Parliament or Member of the Legislature of any State or Union territory, as the case may be, or hold any other office of profit or connected with any political party or carrying on any business or pursuing any profession. Article 13(5): "The salaries and allowances payable to and other terms and conditions of service of (a) the Chief Information Commissioner shall be the same as that of the Chief Election Commissioner; (b) an Information Commissioner shall be the same as that of an Election Commissioner: Provided that if the Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner, at the time of his appointment is, in receipt of a pension, other than a disability or wound pension, in respect of any previous service under the Government of India or under the Government of a State, his salary in respect of the service as the Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner shall be reduced by the amount of that pension including any portion of pension which was commuted and pension equivalent of other forms of retirement benefits excluding pension equivalent of retirement gratuity: Provided further that if the Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner if, at the time of his appointment is, in receipt of retirement benefits in respect of any previous service rendered in a Corporation established by or under any Central Act or State Act or a Government company owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government, his salary in respect of the service as the Chief Information Commissioner or an Information Commissioner shall be reduced by the amount of pension equivalent to the retirement benefits: Provided also that the salaries, allowances and other conditions of service of the Chief Information Commissioner and the Information Commissioners shall not be varied to their disadvantage after their appointment. (6) The Central Government shall provide the Chief Information Commissioner and the Information Commissioners with such officers and employees as may be necessary for the efficient performance of their functions under this Act, and the salaries and allowances payable to and the terms and conditions of service of the officers and other employees appointed for the purpose of this Act shall be such as may be prescribed. | |
| Maldives | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 45. The Information Commissioner so appointed shall meet the following requirements: (a) Must have attained the age of 35 years; (b) Must not be convicted of an offence punishable under Islamic Shari’ah or guilty of offence of fraud or bribery as per Shari’ah; (c) Must not be a person appointed to hold a political position under the Constitution of any law of the Republic of Maldives; (d) Must not be a member of a political party nor engaged in the activities of a political party; (e) Must have a first degree, and possess at least 7 (seven) years of work experience. (f) Must not be employed in any other employment other than the post saved as Information Commissioner. | |
| Malta | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Arts. 24 and 25. | Art. 24 establishes the information notice and Art. 25 establishes the enforcement notice. |
| Namibia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 7. A person qualifies for appointment as Information Commissioner or Deputy Information Commissioner if the person - (a) is a fit and proper person and is a person of integrity; (b) possesses academic qualifications, knowledge and experience relevant to the functions of the Information Commissioner; (c) has knowledge in human rights, especially the right of access to information, or in public or corporate governance; and (d) has a clear understanding of the application of the principles of transparency and accountability. 8. A person does not qualify for appointment as Information Commissioner or Deputy Information Commissioner if the person - (a) is not a Namibian citizen or is not lawfully admitted to Namibia for permanent residence; (b) is a member of Parliament; (c) is a member of a regional council or a local authority council; (d) is an unrehabilitated insolvent; (e) has been convicted of an offence and sentenced to imprisonment without the option of a fine, excluding an offence of a political nature committed before the date of independence of Namibia; or (f) holds a political office at any level of the State, or occupies a position within a political party, at the time of nomination. 11. During his or her term of office, the Information Commissioner or Deputy Information Commissioner may not - (a) occupy any other office for financial gain; or (b) engage in any political activity such as presiding at a public political meeting or draw up or publish any writing or deliver a public speech or make a public statement with the intention to promote or prejudice the interests of any political party. | |
| Nepal | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 12. Qualifications: One shall have the following qualifications to be appointed for the post of the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners: (a) Nepali citizen, (b) holding at least a Bachelor Degree from a recognized University, (c) having at least fifteen years of working experience in the field of Mass communication, law justice, public administration, information technology or management. 13. Disqualifications: A person with any of the following disqualification shall be disqualified to be appointed in the post of Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners: (a) not having the qualification pursuant Section 12, (b) convicted by the court in a criminal offence with moral turpitude, (c) incumbent employee of Government or Public institution, (d) incumbent in any political position, (e) Disqualified for appointment under the prevailing laws. | |
| Russia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Federal Law on the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, Article 4(2): (Principles governing the organization and operation of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation): The prosecution bodies: shall exercise their powers independently of the federal state authorities, the state authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies and public associations and in strict accordance with the laws in force within the territory of the Russian Federation. | The Federal Law "on State Civil Service" develops the legislation indicate and provides several prohibitions related to political connection. |
| Serbia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 30, Article 31, Article 32: The Commissioner shall be autonomous and independent in the exercise of his/her powers. In the exercise of his/her powers the Commissioner shall neither seek nor accept orders or instructions from state bodies or other persons. | |
| Seychelles | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 37. ... (3) A person to be appointed as a Chief Information Commissioner or Information Commissioner shall have wide experience and knowledge in any one or more of the following fields of services— (a) accounting; (b) administration and governance; (c) law; (d) science and technology; (e) management; or (f) social sciences. 38.(1) A person having the qualification specified under section 37 is eligible to be appointed as the Chief Information Commissioner or Information Commissioner if that person (a) is a citizen of, and resides permanently in the Republic; (b) is of proven integrity; and (c) has distinguished record of public service, or service in a profession or vocation. (2) A person shall not be appointed as the Chief Information Commissioner or Information Commissioner if that person (a) holds office in, or is an employee or a political party, (b) has been convicted and served a sentence of imprisonment for term of six months or more for an offence involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude, or any other written law. | |
| Slovenia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Information Commissioner Act Article 7. 4 "(4) With regard to incompatibility of the Information Commissioner's function with other functions and activities the Human Rights Ombudsman Act applies by analogy." Article 19 (Information Commissioner's salary) "Until the entry into validity of the ordinance governing the salaries of holders of public functions, the Information Commissioner's salary is determined according to the salary of the National Review Commission president." | Reviewer: Art 7/4 of the Information Commissioner Act refers to the Human Rights Ombudsman Act with regard to incompatibility of the Information Commissioner's function with other functions and activities. The latter prescribes in Art. 19 that Ombudsman's (and consequently Commissioner's) office is incompatible with the holding of any office in the state bodies, local self-government bodies, political parties and trade unions. As for professional expertise, there is no provision, requiring expertise in the freedom of information field, but there is a requirement that the Commissioner holds a university degree and has at least five years of working experience. |
| South Africa | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 41 (1) (a) [of the Protection of Personal Information Act, 2013] The Regulator consists of the following members: (i) A Chairperson; and (ii) four other persons, as ordinary members of the Regulator. (b) Members of the Regulator must be appropriately qualified, fit and proper persons— (i) at least one of whom must be appointed on account of experience as a practising advocate or attorney or a professor of law at a university; and (ii) the remainder of whom must be appointed on account of any other qualifications, expertise and experience relating to the objects of the Regulator. (g) A person may not be appointed as a member of the Regulator if he or she— (i) is not a citizen of the Republic; (ii) is a public servant; (iii) is a member of Parliament, any provincial legislature or any municipal council; (iv) is an office-bearer or employee of any political party; (v) is an unrehabilitated insolvent; (vi) has been declared by a court to be mentally ill or unfit; or (vii) has at any time been convicted, whether in the Republic or elsewhere, of any offence involving dishonesty. | |
| Sri Lanka | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Section (2) (a) In making recommendations under subsection (1), the Constitutional Council shall ensure that the persons who are being recommended are persons who- (i) have distinguished themselves in public life with proven knowledge, experience and eminence in the fields of law, governance, public administration, social services, journalism, science and technology or management; (ii) are not Members of Parliament, any Provincial Council or a local authority; (iii) do not hold any public or judicial office or any other office of profit; (iv) are not connected with any political party; or (v) are not carrying on any business or pursuing any profession. | |
| Tunisia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Art. 42 - Le candidat au poste de membre du conseil del’instance,doitsatisfaireles conditionssuivantes: - être de nationalité tunisienne, - ne doit pas avoir d’antécédents judiciaires pour crimes intentionnels, - doté de l’autonomie, la transparence et l’impartialité, - doté de l'expérience et la compétence dans les domaines liés au sujet d’accès à l’information. Est déchu de son mandat, tout membre ayant présenté des données erronées et sera inéligible pour les deux mandats suivants. Art. 51 - Il est interdit aux membres de l’instance de participer à ses délibérations, et ce, dans les cas suivants : - s’ils ont un intérêt direct ou indirect lié à l’objet de la délibération, - s’ils ont participé directement ou indirectement dans la prise de décision objet de la réunion. | |
| Ukraine | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Law of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, Article 8.2 Ombudsperson cannot be a member of any political party. Law of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, Article 5.2 A Ukrainian Ombudsperson can be a person who has reached the age of 40 on the day of election, speaks the state language, has high moral qualities, experience in human rights activities and has lived in Ukraine for the last five years. Article 5.3 By their written consent candidates for the post of the Commissioner shall be subject to special check under procedure prescribed by Law “On Principles of Preventing and Counteracting Corruption”. 5.4 A person who has a criminal record that is not expired or expunged for committing a crime unless a person is rehabilitated or a person who has been given an administrative punishment for corruption during the last year shall not be appointed as a Commissioner. | |
| Vanuatu | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | 52(4) A person must not be appointed as the Information Commissioner if: (a) he or she exercises a position of responsibility in a political party; or (b) he or she is a member of Parliament, Municipal Council or a Provincial Government Council; or (c) he or she has been convicted of a crime of violence or a crime of dishonesty or theft, for which he or she has not been pardoned; or (d) he or she is declared bankrupt by a Court. (5) The Information Commissioner must be a person who: (a) has a knowledge, understanding and appreciation of the Ni- Vanuatu culture, traditions and values; and (b) is of high integrity and competence; and (c) has an appropriate academic qualification and suitable experience in the public or private sector; and (d) is politically independent; and (e) is capable of discharging his or her functions without fear or favour; and (f) is of high standing in the community. | - |
| Venezuela | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | Ley Orgánica de la Defensoría del Pueblo 18. Principio de independencia. El Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo es independiente y actuará bajo la libertad de conciencia, en el ejercicio de sus facultades constitucionales y legales. No estará sujeto a mandato imperativo ni a instrucciones provenientes de ninguna autoridad. Deberá ajustar sus actuaciones a la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y a las leyes. 19. Condiciones de elegibilidad. Para ser Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo se requiere ser venezolano o venezolana por nacimiento y sin otra nacionalidad, mayor de treinta años, con manifiesta y demostrada competencia en materia de derechos humanos y cumplir con las exigencias de honorabilidad, ética y moral en los términos establecidos en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y la ley. 20. Incompatibilidades. El cargo de Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo es de dedicación exclusiva, por lo que su ejercicio es incompatible con todo mandato representativo, con todo cargo o actividad de carácter político-partidista, sindical, gremial o asociativo; con el ejercicio de cualquier cargo público remunerado, con el ejercicio privado de la profesión, ni siquiera a título de consulta; con la participación en. la gestión y administración ordinaria de actividades privadas lucrativas, ni por sí ni por interpuesta persona, a excepción de las actividades docentes y la afiliación a las corporaciones gremiales nacionales o internacionales propias de la institución de la Defensoría del Pueblo. No podrá ser Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo quien haya sido condenado o condenada penalmente por sentencia judicial definitivamente firme. 21. Renuncia tácita. Dentro de los diez días siguientes a su designación y antes de la juramentación y toma de posesión del cargo, el Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo deberá renunciar a toda situación de incompatibilidad que pudiera afectarle, entendiéndose en caso contrario que no acepta tal designación. Si la condición de incompatibilidad fuere sobrevenida una vez posesionado o posesionada del cargo, el Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo tendrá un lapso de diez días para pronunciarse sobre la incompatibilidad. Pasado este lapso, se entenderá que renuncia al cargo. 22. Incompatibilidades por parentesco. No podrá ser Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo quien tenga parentesco dentro del cuarto grado de consanguinidad y segundo de afinidad, o quien tenga vínculos por matrimonio o relacionados en uniones estables de hecho con miembros de la Asamblea Nacional o del Comité de Evaluación de Postulaciones que intervienen en su designación, con los titulares de los órganos del Poder Ciudadano, con los Magistrados o Magistradas del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, con los integrantes del Consejo Nacional Electoral y con el Presidente o Presidenta de la República o quien haga sus veces. | |
| Zimbabwe | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | YES | 2 | A236 of the Const. 2. Persons who are members of a political party or organisation on their appointment to an independent Commission must relinquish that membership without delay and in any event within thirty days of their appointment. 3. If a member of an independent Commission-- a. becomes a member of a political party or organisation; or b. having been a member of a political party or organisation on his or her appointment to the commission, fails to relinquish that membership within thirty days of the appointment; he or she ceases immediately to be a member of the Commission concerned; 248(2) of the Const. Members of the Zimbabwe Media Commission must be chosen for their integrity and their competence in administration and their knowledge and understanding of human rights issues and the best practices in media matters. | |
| Andorra | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | N/A | Requires specialised personnel but the members are chosen from the government |
| Antigua and Barbuda | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 35(1) The Governor-General, acting on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and with the approval of both Houses of Parliament signified by resolution, shall appoint an Information Commissioner for the purposes of this Act, on such terms and conditions as may be specified in the instrument of his appointment. (2) A person shall not be qualified to hold office as Commissioner if that person (a) is a member of the House of Representatives or a Senator; (b) holds or is acting in a public office; (c) is an undischarged bankrupt, having been declared bankrupt under any law; (d) has, within the period of ten years immediately preceding his appointment, been convicted of theft, fraud or other such offence involving dishonesty; or (e) holds office in, or is an employee of, a political party. (3) The Commissioner shall hold office for a term of [five] years and may be re-appointed for a further term of five years, but shall not hold office for more than two consecutive terms. (4) The Commissioner may be removed from office by the Governor-General, for misconduct, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and with the approval of both Houses of Parliament signified by resolution. | Art 35 - Cannot be a politician or employee or office holder of a political party. |
| Argentina | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | ARTÍCULO 23° — Requisitos e incompatibilidades. Para ser designado director de la Agencia de Acceso a la Información Pública se requiere ser ciudadano argentino. Asimismo, deberán presentarse antecedentes que acrediten idoneidad para el ejercicio de la función. El ejercicio de la función requiere dedicación exclusiva y resulta incompatible con cualquier otra actividad pública o privada, excepto la docencia a tiempo parcial. Está vedada cualquier actividad partidaria mientras dure el ejercicio de la función. Ningún funcionario a cargo de la Agencia de Acceso a la Información Pública podrá tener intereses o vínculos con los asuntos bajo su órbita en las condiciones establecidas por la Ley de Ética en el Ejercicio de la Función Pública, 25.188, sus modificaciones y su reglamentación. El director propuesto no podrá haber desempeñado cargos electivos o partidarios en los últimos cinco (5) años previos a la designación. | No mention of professional expertise, but the applicant is forbidden from having held an elected or party office within the past five years. |
| Bangladesh | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 15(5): "Subject to the provisions of this section, the Chief Information Commissioner and the Information Commissioners Shall be appointed from amongst the persons with broad knowledge and experience in law, Justice, Journalism, education, science, technology, information, social service, management, or public administration." | 15(5) requires expertise, but no prohibition on politically connected individuals. |
| Benin | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 15: Nul ne peut être membre de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication: – S’il n’est de nationalité béninoise; – S’il ne jouit de tous se droits civils et politiques; – S’il ne réside sur le territoire de la République du Bénin depuis un (1) an au moins; – S’il n’est de bonne moralité et d’une grande probité; – S’il ne justifie d’une expérience professionnelle d’au moins dix (10) ans en ce qui concerne le journalisme et le professionnel de la communication. 22: Les fonctions de membres de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication sont incompatibles avec tout mandat électif, tout emploi public et toute activité professionnelle. Sous réserve des dispositions de la loi n° 84-008 du 15 Mars 1984 relative à la protection du droit d’auteur, les membres de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication ne peuvent, directement ou indirectement, exercer de fonctions, recevoir d’honoraires, sauf pour des services rendus avant leur entrée en fonction, ni détenir d’intérêt dans une entreprise de l’audiovisuel, du cinéma, de l’édition, de la presse, de la publicité ou des télécommunications. Toutefois, si un membre de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication détient des intérêts dans une telle entreprise, il dispose d’un délai de six (6) mois pour se mettre en conformité avec la loi. Le non respect des dispositions de l’alinéa précédent est passible des peines prévues à l’article 175 du code pénal. | Loi Organique, N° 92-021 du 21 Aout 1992 Relative a la Haute Autorite de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication (H.A.A.C.) |
| Bolivia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 221. To be designated as Public Defender one must satisfy the general conditions to be a public servant, be thirty years old at the time of designation and have proven personal and ethical integrity determined by public observation. Article 8 (Ombudsman Law): The exercise of the office of Defender or the Ombudsman, is incompatible with the performance of any other public or private activity, remunerated or not, except the university teaching activity. | Provisions from Constitution. No prohibitions but positive requirements. Article 8 of the Law on the Public Defender, No. 870, 13 December 2016, prohibits carrying on activities while Public Defender but is not a rule on prior incompatibility. |
| Burkina Faso | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 56 : L’Autorité est composée de neuf membres nommés par décret pris en Conseil des ministres ainsi qu’il suit : - deux membres désignés par le Président du Faso dont un représentant des forces de défense et un représentant des forces de sécurité ; - un membre désigné par le Président de l’Assemblée nationale parmi les personnes qualifiées en matière de propriété intellectuelle ; - un membre du corps médical, désigné par les ordres professionnels du secteur de la santé ; - un magistrat représentant les juridictions de l’ordre administratif, désigné par le président du Conseil d’Etat ; 23 - un membre désigné par les organisations de défense des droits de l’homme ; - un membre désigné par l’association des professionnels des archives et de la documentation ; - un membre désigné par le président de la Commission de l’informatique et des libertés qualifié en matière de protection des données à caractère personnel ; - un membre des médias, désigné par les associations des professionnels de médias. L’ANAIP est dirigé par un Président. Article 57 : Les conditions de désignation des membres de l’Autorité nationale d’accès à l’information publique sont les suivantes : - être de nationalité burkinabè ; - résider au Burkina Faso ; - être de bonne moralité ; - avoir une expérience professionnelle d’au moins quinze ans dans la branche d’activité concernée pour la désignation ; - n’avoir pas été condamné pour des faits qualifiés de délits ou de crimes. Article 58 :Les fonctions de membres de l’Autorité nationale d’accès à l’information publique sont incompatibles avec tout mandat public, toute fonction publique, toute activité ou profession commerciale et toute activité politique. | Couple of government people but most are independent and they must have expertise. Cannot have any other job. |
| Canada | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | N/A | The conventions of Canada's system suggest that the Information Commissioner will be politically neutral and have appropriate expertise, but the fact that this is a convention (rather than a legal requirement) means they cannot get full points here. |
| Chile | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | ARTICLE 37. No podrán ser designados consejeros los diputados y los senadores, los miembros del Tribunal Constitucional, los Ministros de la Corte Suprema, consejeros del Banco Central, el Fiscal Nacional del Ministerio Público, ni las personas que conforman el alto mando de las Fuerzas Armadas y de las Fuerzas de Orden y Seguridad Pública. Los cargos de consejeros son incompatibles con los de ministros de Estado, subsecretarios, intendentes y gobernadores; alcaldes y concejales; consejeros regionales; miembros del Escalafón Primario del Poder Judicial; secretario y relator del Tribunal Constitucional; fiscales del Ministerio Público; miembros del Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones y su secretario-relator; miembros de los tribunales electorales regionales, sus suplentes y sus secretarios-relatores; miembros de los demás tribunales creados por ley; funcionarios de la Administración del Estado, y miembros de los órganos de dirección de los Partidos Políticos. | Art 37 bars politicians, but not politically connected people. |
| El Salvador | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | ARTICLE 54 Para ser Comisionado se requiere: a. Ser salvadoreño con título universitario y haberse desempeñado destacadamente en actividades profesionales, de servicio público o académicas. b. No haber sido condenado por la comisión de algún delito o sancionado por infringir la Ley de Ética Gubernamental en los últimos cinco años. c. Estar solvente de responsabilidades administrativas en la Corte de Cuentas de la República, la Procuraduría General de la República, la Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y la Hacienda Pública. En caso de profesiones regladas, no haber sido condenado por el organismo de vigilancia de la profesión en los últimos cinco años. d. Tener cuando menos treinta y cinco años de edad el día de su designación. | Art 54 - prof requirements, but no ban on politically connected individuals. |
| Ethiopia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Ombudsman Act 12(2) | Ombudsman Act 12(2) has a requirement for experience, including legal training or other related experience, but no prohibition on politically connected individuals. |
| Fiji | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 121(3) The chairperson of the Commission must be a person who is, or is qualified to be appointed as a Judge. | Protections such as apply to judges for the Chair but other members are not mentioned. Provisions from the Constitution. |
| Georgia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | [Organic Law of Georgia on the Public Defender] Article 4(1) The Public Defender shall be independent in exercising functions of the office and bound only by the Constitution, international treaties and agreements of Georgia, universally recognized principles and rules of international law, the present law and other legislative acts. (2) Any influence or interference with the Public Defender's activities is prohibited and shall be punished by law. Section 2; Article 6, Section 1. The Public Defender of Georgia shall be a citizen of Georgia. Article 8(1) The office of the Public Defender shall be incompatible with membership of any state or local self-government representative body, holding another public office or engaging in a remunerated activity other than scientific, educational or artistic work. The Public Defender cannot be a member of a political party and shall be restricted from any sort of political activity. Exception shall be made if the Public Defender of Georgia simultaneously holds any other office based on the requirements of law or other normative act. (21.07.2010. N3565) (2) Within one month of appointment, the Public Defender shall cease any activity incompatible with his/her status. Failure to comply with this requirement within the stipulated period shall result in the removal of the Public Defender from office and the Parliament shall appoint a new Public Defender. | The article provides: "Any influence or interference with the Public Defender's activities is prohibited and shall be punished by law". No professional expertise is required in order to exercise this charge (1 point loss). |
| Ghana | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 48(3) The President shall, in appointing a member of the Board, have regard to the expertise of the person. | Only very limited requirements of expertise. |
| Greece | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | [The Constitution of Greece] SECTION VI - Chapter I - Management of Administration. Article 103(9) A law defines the issues pertinent to the formation and the jurisdictions of the Greek Ombudsman, which functions as an independent authority. | |
| Guinea | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 48. La CAIP est composée de Sept (7) membres choisis ainsi qu'il suit: - Un représentant des cours et tribunaux - Un fonctionnaire de l'Assemblée Nationale; - Un représentant de l'ordre des avocats; - Un représentant de la société civile; - Un représentant de l'association des journalistes de Guinée; - Un représentant de l'Administration publique désigné par le ministre de la Fonction publique; - Un représentant du Ministére de l'information et de la communication. Ces membres sont choisis en raison de leurs qualifications et de leurs comptétences en rapport avec les missions dela CAPI et pour leur probite. | Requirement of professional expertise but two members represent the government so no prohibitions. |
| Guyana | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 5(1) The President shall appoint a Commissioner of Information who shall be a person of eminence in public life with wide knowledge and experience in law, science and technology, social service, management, journalism, mass media or administration and governance. | 5(1) - professional expertise. |
| Honduras | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | ARTÍCULO 10. REQUISITOS DE LOS COMISIONADOS. Para ser Comisionado se requiere: (1) ser hondureño; (2) Mayor de treinta y cinco (35) anos; (3) No haber sido condenado penalmente; (4) Contar con una experiencia profesional no menor de diez (10) anos de servicio publico, o académico; y, (5) Ser de reconocida honorabilidad y ostentar titulo universitario. | Article 10 requirement for experience, but no prohibition on political connections. |
| Iceland | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 15. The Prime Minister shall appoint an Information Committee of three persons to serve terms of four years, and shall appoint an equal number of substitutes. Two Committee members, along with their substitutes, shall meet the employment qualifications for District Court judges. One of these two shall be the Committee chair and the other the vice-chair. No member of the Committee may be permanently employed by the Government Offices of Iceland. The Committee is authorised to call on experts for advice and assistance if it finds this necessary. The Committee is bound to secrecy on whatever appears in material passed to the Committee. The same applies to whoever the Committee calls on for assistance. | No mention of not being politically connected. |
| Indonesia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 30(1) The requirements for the appointment of a member of the Information Commission are as follows: (a) an Indonesian citizen; (b) possess integrity and no tarnish; (c) never been sentenced for a crime that is threatened with sentence in prison for 5 (five) years or longer; (d) posses knowledge and understanding in the field of transparency of Public Information as part of the human right and public policy; (e) experienced in the activities of Public Agency; (f) willing to resign from his position as a member of a Public Agency if appointed as a member of the Information Commission; (g) willing to work full time; (h) at least 35 (thirty five) years old; and (i) is in good health, psychologically and physically. | 30(1) requires expertise, but no prohibition on political people. |
| Ireland | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 43(3) The Commissioner shall be independent in the performance of his or her functions. (4) The appointment of a person to be the Commissioner shall be made by the President on the advice of the Government following a resolution passed by Dáil Éireann and by Seanad Éireann recommending the appointment of the person. | No specific prohibition to be politically connected, but the Commissioner cannot hold any other political charge, such as being member of the government, European Parliament, etc, while attending the functions of a Commissioner. No mention about the professional expertise asked to perform the functions as a Commissioner (1 point loss). |
| Ivory Coast | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Decree 2014-462 of 6 August 2014, 5(1). La CAIDP comprend douze membres désignés ci-après et nommés èsqualité par décret pris en Conseil des Ministres : - Un professionnel de la communication désigné par le Président de la République; - un député désigné par le Président de l'Assemblée Nationale ; - un expert documentaliste désigné par le Premier Ministre ; - un spécialiste des médias désigné par le Ministre chargé de la Communication ; - un membre désigné par le Ministre chargé de l'Intérieur ; - un membre désigné par le Ministre chargé de l'Economie et des Finances ; - un membre désigné par le Ministre chargé de la Défense ; - Un magistrat désigné par le Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature ; - un avocat désigné par le Barreau ; - Un enseignant chercheur en Droit désigné par les Universités publiques ; - un expert des Droits de l'Homme désigné par les organisations de défense des Droits de l'Homme ; - Un journaliste professionnel désigné par les organismes professionnels des médias. (2) Le décret qui nomme les membres de la CAIDP désigne également le Président...9. Le Commissaire de l’Accès à l'Information doit … justifier d’une expérience professionnelle d’au moins dix ans et être reconnu pour ses compétences. En outre, il ne doit pas avoir fait l’objet de condamnation devenue définitive pour des faits qualifiés crime ou délit. | Vague reference to professional experience and competence in Article 9 of Decree 2014-462. Some more specific expertise requirements are listed in Article 5(1), but only for some of the CAIDP members. No general prohibition on strong political connections and some of the CAIDP members are nominated by non-governmental actors. |
| Japan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 23 (Members) (1) The Prime Minister shall appoint members from among those people of superior judgment who have been approved by both Houses. [...] (9) While in office a member shall not be an officer of a political party or other political association, or actively take part in a political movement. (10) Full-time members, while in office, except where they have received the Prime Minister's permission, shall not engage in another job for remuneration, run a commercial enterprise, or conduct any other business the purpose of which is to profit financially. | Articles 23(1), (9) and (10) of the old 1999 Act. These are now Articles 4(1), (9) and (10) of the Act for Establishment of the Information Disclosure and Personal Information Protection Review Board. |
| Kenya | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | [Commission on Administrative Justice Act, 2011] Article 10(1) A person shall be qualified for appointment as the chairperson of the Commission if the person - (a) has knowledge and at least fifteen years experience in matters relating to human rights, law, conflict resolution, arbitration or administrative justice; (b) holds a degree from a university recognized in Kenya; and (c) meets the requirements of Chapter Six of the Constitution. (2) A person shall be qualified for appointment as a member of the Commission if the person - (a) holds a degree from a university recognized in Kenya; (b) has knowledge and at least ten years' experience in matters relating to any of the following fields - (i) law; (ii) public administration; (iii) economics or finance; (iv) gender and social development; (v) human rights; (vi) conflict resolution; (vii) management; or (viii) social sciences; (c) has had a distinguished career in their respective fields; and (d) meets the requirements of Chapter Six of the Constitution. (3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as the chairperson or a member of the Commission if such person - (a) is a member of Parliament or a County Assembly; (b) is a member of the governing body of a political party; (c) is a member of a local authority; (d) is an undischarged bankrupt; or (e) has been removed from office for contravening the provisions of the Constitution or any other law. | Requirement that members cannot be part of the governing body of a political party is not quite strong enough for full points here. |
| Kosovo | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Data Protection Law 31(1) The Chief State Supervisor may be appointed a person who has university education and five (5) years of professional working experience. 32(1) Persons who have university education and three (3) years of professional working experience may be appointed as National Supervisors. | There are requirements for professional expertise but no prohibitions on political connections. |
| Kyrgyzstan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Law on Ombudsman, 4(1). 1. Any citizen of the Kyrgyz Republic may be elected as the Ombudsman (Akyikatchy). (2). A person convicted for commitment of a crime may not be elected as the Ombudsman (Akyikatchy) unless such conviction has been discharged or removed in accordance with the law. 6(7). The status of the Ombudsman (Akyikatchy) shall not be compatible with the mandate of a deputy, political appointment or political activity; with active involvement with bodies of the public administration; membership in a political party or leadership of a political party, membership in a professional union, association or foundation; or employment with such; with legal or fiscal functioning or any kind of professional, commercial or labor activity. | Prohibitions but no requirements of expertise. |
| Malawi | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Constitution 129. There shall be a Human Rights Commission the primary functions of which shall be the protection and investigation of violations of the rights accorded by this Constitution or any other law. 130. The Human Rights Commission shall, with respect to the applications of an individual or class of persons, or on its own motion, have such powers of investigation and recommendation as are reasonably necessary for the effective promotion of the rights conferred by or under this Constitution, but shall not exercise a judicial or legislative function and shall not be given powers so to do. 131. 1. The Human Rights Commission shall consist of - a. the person for the time being holding the office of Law Commissioner; b. the person for the time being holding the position of Ombudsman: c. Provided that, save as prescribed by this section, no other member of the Human Rights Commission shall be a person in any public office or the President or Vice-President, a Minister or Deputy Minister or a member of Parliament. d. such persons as shall be nominated from time to time in that behalf by those organizations that are considered in the absolute discretion of both the Law Commissioner and the Ombudsman to be reputable organizations representative of Malawian Society and that are wholly or largely concerned with the promotion of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by this Constitution. 2. The Law Commissioner and the Ombudsman shall jointly refer the name of persons nominated under paragraph (c) of subsection (1) to the President who shall formally appoint such persons as members of the Human Rights Commission. Human Rights Commission Act Art. 4 (1) The procedure for nominating appointed members shall involve first the issuing of a public advertisement, signed jointly by the Law Commissioner and the Ombudsman, directed to the organisations described in section 131(1)(c) of the Constitution, being those which both the Law Commissioner and the Ombudsman, in their absolute discretion, consider to be reputable organisations representative of Malawian society and that are wholly or largely concerned with the promotion of rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. (2) The advertisement under subsection (1) shall invite all appropriate organizations to nominate up to two persons who are independent, non-partisan and of high integrity and standing from within or outside the organization for appointment as member or members of the Commission, and to do so within thirty days of the date of the publication of the advertisement and in writing addressed to the Commission, giving the full name and address of any person so nominated and his curriculum vitae. (3) The Law Commissioner and the Ombudsman shall – (a) jointly assess the reputation of the nominating organisations and may, for that purpose, seek other or further information pertaining to any nominated person from the person himself or any other person or source before recommending who among the nominated persons shall be formally appointed by the President as members of the Commission; (b) according to their assessment under paragraph (a), keep a list of reserved names of nominated persons to be appointed to fill any casual vacancy for the remainder of the term of a member who vacates office before the expiry of the term prescribed in section 5(1). | Some protections for independence, but no requirement for professional expertise. |
| Mexico | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 38. The Congress of the Union, the Congresses of the States and the Federal District Legislative Assembly, in order to ensure a collegiate and autonomous integration of the Guarantor Agencies, shall provide in its composition an odd number and its members will be referred to as Commissioners. They shall, at its conformation, favor the experience in access to public information and protection of personal data, and ensure gender equality. The term of office will not exceed seven years and will be conducted in a phased manner to ensure the principle of autonomy.In procedures for the selection of Commissioners transparency, independence and participation of the society should be ensured. | Although Article 38 mentions independence, the law does not actually include safeguards against politically connected appointees. |
| Moldova | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Law on Parliamentary Advocates 11. When performing their duties the Parliamentary Advocates are independent of the parliamentarians, President of the Republic of Moldova, central and local public administration bodies and officials of all levels. The activity of the Parliamentary Advocates is based on principles of legality and transparency according to their conscience. Along with the additional personnel the Parliamentary Advocates form an independent institution - the Centre for Human Rights. | Not a formal ban but at least some provisions on this. |
| Monaco | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | A10, 11, 12 of HRC Ordinance | Prohibitions but no requirements |
| Mongolia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | HR Commission Act 4.1. A candidate for Commissioners shall be a Mongolian citizen of high legal and political qualification, with appropriate knowledge and experience in human rights, with a clean criminal record and who has reached the age of 35 (thirty-five). | Some limited conditions and prohibitions. |
| New Zealand | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 4 Ombudsmen to hold no other office An Ombudsman shall not be capable of being a member of Parliament or of a local authority, and shall not, without the approval of the Prime Minister in each particular case, hold any office of trust or profit, other than his office as an Ombudsman, or engage in any occupation for reward outside the duties of his office. | S. 4 Ombudsmen Act bars Ombudsmen from being MPs, local authority councillors or holding any other office of 'trust or profit'. |
| Niger | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Ombudsman Act 5 | Ombudsman Act 5 prohibits the omb. from being an elected official, or standing for office in the 1st election following his term. |
| Pakistan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 18(3) The Information Commission shall comprise three Commissioners to be appointed by the Prime Minister, with the following composition; namely:- (a) one member shall be from amongst the persons qualified to be a Judge of a High Court; (b) one member who has been in the service of Pakistan in BS-22 or equivalent; (c) One member shall be from civil society having a degree based on sixteen years of education from a recognized institution and experience of not less than fifteen years in the field of social sciences; | Strong requirements of expertise through positions and longevity in them but no prohibitions on political connections. |
| Panama | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Artículo 15: Para ser director general se requiere: (4) Tener solvencia moral y prestigio reconocido (5) No tener parentesco, dentro del cuarto grado de consanguinidad y segundo de afinidad, con el presidente de la República ni con ningún otro miembro del Consejo de Gabinete, con los magistrados de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, con los diputados de la República, con el procurador general de la Nación o con el procurador de la Administración. ( 7) No estar inscrito en ningún partido político. Artículo 23: El director general no podrá:( 1) Participar en política partidista, salvo la emisión del voto en las elecciones y consultas populares. | Art 15(5) and (7) of Law 33 of 2013 introduce a number of prohibitions, which Art 23 forbids them from political participation. 15(4) seems to be more of a good character requirement rather than a clear requirement for professional expertise so not worth a full two points. |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 35(2) | Only prohibitions, although professionalism could be considered to be implicit in the appointments process |
| Sierra Leone | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 31(3) No person shall be appointed as a member of the Commission if that person (a) is an employee of a political party or holds an elected or appointed position in central or local government; or (b) has been convicted of an offence involving fraud or dishonesty. | No requirement for professional expertise. |
| South Korea | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Admin. Appeals Act 7(4): A member of an administrative appeals commission shall be commissioned from among the following persons or nominated from among public officials of the administrative agency by the administrative agency with which the relevant administrative appeals commission is affiliated: 1. A person who has experience in practices for at least five years after being qualified as an attorneys-at-law; 2. A person who holds or held the position of assistant professor or higher at a school under paragraphs (1) through (6) of Article 2 of the Higher Education Act; 3. A person who served as a public official of Grade IV or higher or a public official belonging to the Senior Civil Service Corps; 4. A person who has work experience for at least five years in relevant fields after acquiring a doctoral degree; 5. A person who has abundant knowledge and experience in administrative appeals. | No prohibitions but requirements of expertise (for non-officials and then specified rank for officials). |
| South Sudan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 35(4)(b). 35(3) and 35(4)(a) require consideration of their qualifications, but this is a bit vague for full points. | |
| Sweden | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | No formal rules on this but in practice always observed. | |
| Togo | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 3 : (3) Le Médiateur de la République doit ... avoir une expérience professionelle de quinze (15) ans au moins et s'être distingué par une haute conscience du bien public. Article 5 : Les fonctions de Médiateur de la République sont incompatibles avec l'exercise do tout mandat électif, de tout emploi privé ou public, civil ou militaire, de toute activité professionelle ainsi que de toute fonction de représentation nationale. | Loi 2003-021. Requirements of expertise and some prohibitions but not comprehensive. |
| Trinidad and Tobago | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | N/A | The Ombudsman's website states repeatedly that this is an independent office, and indications are that this is the case. Although reviewer could not find this specifically spelled out in the law, in the absence of having a local expert to question I will give them a point here. |
| Turkey | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 14 (The Board of Review of the Access to Information): "The Board of Review of the Access to Information reviews the administrative decisions rendered under Articles 16 and 17, and makes decisions regarding institutions on the exercise of right to information. The Board is composed of 9 members. The Council of Ministers, appoint two members amongst the four candidates nominated by the General Board of the Court of Appeals and the Council of State from their members; three members, each amongst the scholars of criminal, constitutional and administrative law who bear the title Professor or Associate Professors; one member among the two candidates that have the qualifications to be elected as chief of bar and are nominated by the Turkish Bar Association, two members amongst those who have been serving as general director; and a member among judges in service of the Ministry of Justice as recommended by the Minister. Nomination is subject to the approval of the candidates. [...] The secretarial services of the Board are executed by the Prime Ministry. The Prime Ministry prepares and puts into force the regulation concerning the procedure and the basis for the activities and tasks of the Board." | It seems to be that the members of the board are elected for their professional expertise. The board is diverse, with members from all the areas to guarantee independence. |
| Uruguay | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | Artículo 19. (Órgano de control).- Créase como órgano desconcentrado de la Agencia para el Desarrollo del Gobierno de Gestión Electrónica y la Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (AGESIC), dotado de la más amplia autonomía técnica, la Unidad de Acceso a la Información Pública. Estará dirigida por un Consejo Ejecutivo integrado por tres miembros: el Director Ejecutivo de AGESIC y dos miembros designados por el Poder Ejecutivo entre personas que por sus antecedentes personales, profesionales y de conocimiento en la materia aseguren independencia de criterio, eficiencia, objetividad e imparcialidad en el desempeño de sus cargos. A excepción del Director Ejecutivo de la AGESIC, los miembros durarán cuatro años en sus cargos, pudiendo ser designados nuevamente. Sólo cesarán por la expiración de su mandato y designación de sus sucesores, o por su remoción dispuesta por el Poder Ejecutivo en los casos de ineptitud, omisión o delito, conforme a las garantías del debido proceso. La presidencia del Consejo Ejecutivo será rotativa anualmente entre los dos miembros designados por el Poder Ejecutivo para dicho órgano y tendrá a su cargo la representación del mismo y la ejecución de las actividades necesarias para el cumplimiento de sus resoluciones. | 19 states on the professional expertise of the members. |
| Yemen | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | 34: "It is stipulated to the Commissioner General the following conditions: A. Be a Yemeni national. B. Be at least forty years of age. C. Hold at least a university degree in information systems. D. To be of good character and behavior, complying to the Islamic ordinances and that no court order has been issued against him in a case involving moral and loyalty matters unless he has been acquitted thereof. E. Have an administrative experience of no less than five years." | Art 34(c) requires at least a university degree in information systems, good character and beheviour including a clean judicial record with regards to cases involving moral and loyalty and at least five years of administrative experience. No mention of political connections.accepts. |
| Zambia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | Partially | 1 | HRC Act 7(3), requirements of expertise | |
| Angola | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Armenia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Australia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Australian Information Commissioner Act 2010 Reg. 14 Appointment (1) The Australian Information Commissioner is to be appointed by the Governor‑General by written instrument. (2) The Freedom of Information Commissioner is to be appointed by the Governor‑General by written instrument. (3) A person may only be appointed as the Freedom of Information Commissioner if he or she has obtained a degree from a university, or an educational qualification of a similar standing, after studies in the field of law. (...) | OAIC Act Reg. 14(3) has a requirement for expertise for the Freedom of Information Commissioner, but no such requirement for the Information Commissioner. |
| Austria | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | N/A |
| Belgium | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Belize | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | No - s 5 of the Ombudsman Act has some restrictions, but nothing saying that the ombudsman cannot be politically connnected. |
| Brazil | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Article 35. Paragraph 4. Regulation shall lay out the composition, organization and operation of the Commission for Reassessment of Information, observing the term of two years to their members and other provisions of this Law. | 35 Para 4 - Specifics of this are to be established by regulation. |
| Bulgaria | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Cape Verde | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | No independent appeal |
| China | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Colombia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Cook Islands | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Costa Rica | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Cyprus | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Czech Republic | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Dominican Republic | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| East Timor | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | No administrative level of appeal |
| Ecuador | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Estonia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| France | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Germany | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Guatemala | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Hungary | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Iran | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Israel | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Italy | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Jamaica | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Nothing in the Act suggests this. |
| Jordan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | The Board is composed of political and government figures. |
| Kazakhstan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Kuwait | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | No independent administrative oversight is provided for. |
| Latvia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Lebanon | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Although the law specifies that appeals lie with the Anti-Corruption Body, the government has yet to pass legislation creating that body. In the interim, no points are awarded here. |
| Liberia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | 5.1: "Oversight Body: The implementation of this Act, including compliance therewith, shall be overseen an independent Information Commissioner to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Liberian Senate. The Independent Information Commissioner shall be a Liberian of high moral character and generally acceptable to many stakeholders. The Independent Information Commissioner shall serve full-time, and receive compensation at least equal to that receive by a Circuit Judge. The work of the Information Commissioner and the Technical Secretariat to support his or her work shall be funded by the Government through the National budget. The Informational Commissioner shall enjoy operational, investigatory and regulatory autonomy, and general independence in the exercise of his or her work." | 5.1 - requirement for "high moral character" - but no professional expertise. |
| Liechtenstein | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not in law nor regulations. |
| Lithuania | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Luxembourg | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | A11(1): La Commission d’accès aux documents est composée de cinq membres, dont un magistrat, un représentant du Premier ministre, ministre d’État, un représentant de la Commission nationale pour la protection des données, un représentant du Syndicat des villes et communes luxembourgeoises et un représentant du Service information et presse du Gouvernement. Les membres de la Commission d’accès aux documents sont nommés pour une durée de quatre ans par le Grand-Duc sur proposition du Premier ministre, ministre d’État. La présidence est assurée par le magistrat. | Several government members and no mention of expertise. |
| Montenegro | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Morocco | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned and several officials and parliamentarians |
| Mozambique | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Netherlands | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | No oversight body listed. | |
| Nicaragua | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Nigeria | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| North Macedonia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Norway | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Palau | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | |
| Paraguay | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Peru | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Philippines | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Poland | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | There is no independent oversight body. | |
| Portugal | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Qatar | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | |
| Republic of Belarus | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | |
| Romania | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | No independent oversight body listed. | |
| Rwanda | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| San Marino | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A. | No appointment requirements/prohibitions are outlined in the legislation. |
| Saudi Arabia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Slovakia | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Spain | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Artículo 36 (Comisión de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno.): 1. La Comisión de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno ejercerá todas las competencias que le asigna esta Ley, así como aquéllas que les sean atribuidas en su normativa de desarrollo. 2. Dicha Comisión estará compuesta por: a) El Presidente. b) Un Diputado. c) Un Senador. d) Un representante del Tribunal de Cuentas. e) Un representante del Defensor del Pueblo. f) Un representante de la Agencia Española de Protección de Datos. g) Un representante de la Secretaría de Estado y Administraciones Públicas. h) Un representante de la Autoridad de Responsabilidad Fiscal. Artículo 36 (Comisión de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno.): 3. La condición de miembro de la Comisión del Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno no exigirá dedicación exclusiva ni dará derecho a remuneración. Artículo 37 (Presidente del Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno): 1. El Presidente del Consejo de Transparencia y Buen Gobierno será nombrado por un período no renovable de cinco años mediante Real Decreto, a propuesta del titular del Ministerio de Hacienda y Administraciones Públicas entre personas de reconocido prestigio y competencia profesional previa comparecencia de la persona propuesta para el cargo ante la Comisión correspondiente del Congreso de los Diputados. El Congreso a través de la Comisión competente, y por acuerdo adoptado por mayoría absoluta, deberá refrendar el nombramiento del candidato propuesto en el plazo de un mes natural desde la recepción de la correspondiente comunicación. | La ley no menciona la prohibición de tener conexiones políticas para ejercer un cargo en el Consejo de la transparencia ni requiere ningón requisito de expertise para nombrar a los cargos del Consejo. |
| Sudan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Switzerland | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Taiwan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Tajikistan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Tanzania | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Thailand | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Uganda | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| United Kingdom | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| United States | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Uzbekistan | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Vietnam | There are prohibitions on individuals with strong political connections from being appointed to this body and requirements of professional expertise. | Score 1 point for not politically connected, 1 point for professional expertise | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
