By Indicator detail
Please find below the lists of indicators that have been used to analyse each law. You can click on each of them and you will get the result for that indicator in each country.
| Country | Description | Scoring instructions | Max score | Finding | Points | Article | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 36. An individual who discloses information in good faith, if proved so, shall have appropriate legal, administrative and job protection and shall receive necessary support in accordance with the laws. | |
| Albania | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Art. 44 of the Civil Servants Law: Civil servants have a duty to perform their functions in the civil service with transparency and to provide access to the general public and the parties to any necessary information, with the exception of information classified as a state secret pursuant to the law. | |
| Australia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Australian Information Commissioner Act 2010 Reg. 35 Information officer etc. not to be sued (1) This section applies to a person if: (a) the person is an information officer; or (b) the person is acting under the direction or authority of an information officer. (2) The person is not liable to an action, suit or proceeding in relation to an act done or omitted to be done in good faith in the exercise or purported exercise of any power or authority conferred for the purposes of an information commissioner function, a freedom of information function or a privacy function. 90 Protection against civil liability—general (1) No action for defamation, breach of confidence or infringement of copyright lies against the Commonwealth, a Minister, an agency or an officer of an agency because the Minister, or an officer of the agency: (a) publishes a document in good faith, in the belief that the publication is required or permitted under Part II (information publication scheme) or section 11C (publication of information in accessed documents); or (b) gives access to a document in good faith, in the belief that the access is required or permitted to be given in response to a request; or (c) publishes, or gives access to, a document in good faith, in the belief that the publication or access is required or permitted otherwise than under this Act (whether or not under an express legislative power). (2) No action for defamation, or breach of confidence, in respect of the publication of a document covered by subsection (3), lies against a person (including the author of the document) because the person supplied the document to a Minister or an agency. (3) The publication of a document is covered by this subsection if: (a) it is published as mentioned in paragraph (1)(a) or (c); or (b) its publication is involved in, or results from, the giving of access to the document (or another document) as mentioned in paragraph (1)(b) or (c). | OAIC Act Reg. 35 grants immunity to the Information Commissioner, and ss. 55Z and 85 grant immunity to persons providing information to the IC during a review or an investigation, respectively. S. 90 gives general immunity to agencies who disclose information in good faith, while s. 91 grants civil immunity in special situations and s. 92 grants immunity from criminal liability. |
| Bahamas | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Section 38. Exemption from liability. (1) Neither the Commissioner, the staff of his Office nor Information Managers shall be liable in damages for anything done or omitted in the discharge of their respective functions under this Act unless it is shown that the act or omission was in bad faith. (2) For the purposes of the law of libel or slander, anything said or any record supplied pursuant to an investigation under this Act is privileged, unless that record is shown to have been said or supplied maliciously. Section 52(2) Where access to a record referred to in subsection (1) is granted in the bona fide belief that the grant of such access is required by this Act, no action for defamation, breach of confidence or breach of intellectual property rights shall lie against - (a) the government, a pubic authority, minister or public officer involved in the grant of such access, by reason of the grant of access or of any re-publication of that record Section 54(3)Where access to a record is granted in accordance with this Act, the person who authorizes such access and any other person concerned in the granting thereof shall not, by reason only of so doing, be guilty of a criminal offence. | |
| Bangladesh | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 31: "Protection of action taken in good faith.- No, suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Information Commission, the Chief Information Commissioner, the Information Commissioners or any officers or employee of the Information Commission, or officer-in-charge of any authority or any other officer or employee there of it any body is affected by any information made public or deemed to be made public in good faith under this Act, or rules or regulations made there under." | |
| Belize | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | SECTION 44 (1) Where access has been given to a document and (a) the access was required by this Act to be given; or (b) the access was authorized by a Minister, or by an officer having authority, in accordance with section 20 or 36, to make decisions in respect of requests, in the bona fide belief that the access was required by this Act to be given, no action for defamation or breach of confidence lies by reason of the authorizing or giving of the access, against the Government or a prescribed authority or against the Minister or officer who authorised the access or any person who gave the access. (2) The giving of access to a document (including an exempt document) in consequence of a request shall not be taken, for the purposes of the law relating to defamation or breach of confidence, to constitute an authorization or approval of the publication of the document or of its contents by the person to whom the access was given SECTION 45 Where access has been given to a document and- (a) the access was required by this Act to be given; or (b) the access was authorised by a Minister or by an officer having authority, in accordance with section 20 or 36, to make decisions in respect of requests, in the bona fide belief that the access was required by this Act to be given, neither the person authorising the access nor any person concerned in the giving of the access is guilty of a criminal offence by reason only of the authorising or giving of the access. | |
| Bolivia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 18(I) Compliance with the provisions of this Supreme Decree will not give rise to any type of sanctions against the persons who provide the requested information. (II) No natural or legal person, public or private, entity or means of communication that discloses the information obtained, may be subject to reprisals, administrative or judicial actions for the disclosure of information, including that indicated in Article 7 of this Supreme Decree and the Article 8 of this same rule when it is framed in the procedures and deadlines established for this purpose. | Seems quite broad. |
| Burkina Faso | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 72 : Les organismes de service public ne peuvent poursuivre ni sanctionner un agent public pour avoir communiqué, de bonne foi, les informations publiques et les documents administratifs régis par les dispositions des articles 35, 40 et 47 à 51 de la présente loi. | |
| Canada | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 66 (1) No criminal or civil proceedings lie against the Information Commissioner, or against any person acting on behalf or under the direction of the Commissioner, for anything done, reported or said in good faith in the course of the exercise or performance or purported exercise or performance of any power, duty or function of the Commissioner under this Part. | |
| Cook Islands | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Protection against certain actions - (1) Where any official information is made available in good faith pursuant to this Act – (a) no proceedings, civil or criminal, shall lie against the Crown or any other person in respect of the making available of that information, or for any consequences that follow from the making available of that information; and (b) no proceedings, civil or criminal, in respect of any publication involved in, or resulting from, the making available of that information shall lie against the author of the information or any other person by reason of that author or other person having supplied the information to a Ministry or Minister of the Crown or organisation. (2) The making available of, or the giving access to, any official information in consequence of a request made under this Act shall not be taken, for the purposes of the law relating to defamation or breach of confidence or infringement of copyright, to constitute an authorization or approval of the publication of the document or of its contents by the person to whom the information is made available or the access is given. | Art 48 provides blanket immunity |
| Ethiopia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 39(1) No person is criminally or civilly liable for for anything done in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power or duty under this part of the proclamation. | |
| Fiji | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 45(1) If access to information is given pursuant to this Act, and the person providing access to the information believes in good faith that this Act permits or requires the access to be given - (a) no action for defamation or breach of confidence lies against - (i) the Commission; (ii) the public agency; (iii) an employee or officer of the public agency or the information officer of the public agency; or (iv) a person acting under the direction of the Commission, the public agency or information officer of the public agency, by reason of the giving of access to the information; and (b) no action for defamation or breach of confidence in respect of any publication involved in, or resulting from, the giving of access lies against the producer of the information or any other person by reason of the producer or other person having supplied the information to the public agency. (2) The giving of access to information pursuant to this Act is not to be taken to constitute, for the purposes of the law relating to defamation or breach of confidence, an authorization or approval of the publication of the information or its contents by the person to whom access is given. Article 46. If access to a document is given pursuant to this Act, and the person by whom the access is made believes in good faith that this Act permits or requires the access to be given, neither the person who provides access to the information nor any other person concerned in giving access to the information commits an offence merely as a result of the giving of access to the information. Article 47. No matter or thing done by - (a) the Commission; (b) a public agency; or (c) any person acting on behalf, of or under the direction, of the Commission or a public agency, will, if the matter or thing was done in good faith for the purposes of this Act, subject the Commission, the head of the public agency or any person so acting, personally to any action, liability, claim or demand. | Also heavy penalties for staff of the Commission who disclose information pursuant to s. 39. |
| Gambia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 4(3) An information holder or information officer shall not be liable for releasing information in good faith and in accordance with this Act. 53(1) The Executive Secretary, the staff and members of the commission shall not be subject to any criminal or civil proceedings or be personally liable for any act done or omitted to be done in good faith in the performance of their functions. (2) A staff who discloses wrongdoing within the Commission may not be subject to any punishment in the course of their employment by reason of the disclosure. | |
| India | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 21. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or any rule made thereunder. | |
| Ireland | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 49(4) Civil or criminal proceedings shall not lie in any court against the Commissioner or a member of the staff of the Commissioner in respect of anything said or done in good faith by the Commissioner or member in the course of the performance or purported performance of a function of the Commissioner or member. | |
| Kenya | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Article 19. Where any information provided by a public entity or private body to an applicant under section 11 was supplied to the public entity or private body by a third person, the publication to the applicant of any defamatory matter contained in the information shall be privileged unless the publication is shown to have been made with malice. [...] Article 28(1) Any person who knowingly discloses exempt information in contravention of this Act commits an offence and is liable, on conviction, to a fine not exceeding one million shillings, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or both. [...] (9) A person shall not be criminally liable for the disclosure or authorisation of the disclosure made in good faith in reliance on this Act. [Commission on Administrative Justice Act, 2011] Article 25. No matter or thing done by a member of the Commission or any officer, employee or agent of the Commission shall, if the matter or thing is done in good faith while executing the functions, powers or duties of the Commission, render the member, officer, employee or agent personally liable for any action, claim or demand whatsoever. | |
| Liberia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 7.5: "Protection from civil and criminal liability: Any person who discloses information or grant access to information in good-faith reliance on the provision of this Act shall be protected from any and all civil and criminal liabilities, even if it is later determined that the information was in fact exempted. Similar protection shall be accorded all persons that receive information pursuant to this Act." | |
| Malawi | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 10. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, no civil or criminal proceedings shall lie against any staff of the Commission, or any institution to which this Act applies, or a person acting on their behalf, for the disclosure of any information or for any other act done in good faith pursuant to this Act. | |
| Maldives | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 66(a) The Information Commissioner or any staff of the Information Commissioner’s Office shall not be subject to any civil or criminal measure, for any action or omitting to act in good faith, in undertaking the responsibilities of the official duties, in accordance with the vested power or while performing upon this Act or by a power granted within any other Act. (d) No action for defamation or breach of duty of confidentiality may lie against a person in a State Institute who in processing a request to access information under this Act, who believes, in good faith that access may duly be granted to such information under the Act. (e) No offense may lie against a person or an assistant, in a State Institute who decided to provide a request to access information under this Act, believing in good intention that access may duly be granted to such information under the Act. (f) Where an act or undertaking of a State Institute was found to be conducted in good intention, in order to administer the provisions of this Act, the person who acted as such will not carry any personal liability for his actions. | |
| New Zealand | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 48 Protection against certain actions (1) Where any official information is made available in good faith pursuant to this Act, (a) no proceedings, civil or criminal, shall lie against the Crown or any other person in respect of the making available of that information, or for any consequences that follow from the making available of that information; and (b) no proceedings, civil or criminal, in respect of any publication involved in, or resulting from, the making available of that information shall lie against the author of the information or any other person by reason of that author or other person having supplied the information to a department or Minister of the Crown or organisation. (2) The making available of, or the giving of access to, any official information in consequence of a request made under this Act shall not be taken, for the purposes of the law relating to defamation or breach of confidence or infringement of copyright, to constitute an authorisation or approval of the publication of the document or of its contents by the person to whom the information is made available or the access is given. 26 Proceedings privileged (1) Subject to subsection (2), (a) no proceedings, civil or criminal, shall lie against any Ombudsman, or against any person holding any office or appointment under the Chief Ombudsman, for anything he may do or report or say in the course of the exercise or intended exercise of his functions under this Act or the Official Information Act 1982 or the Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987 or the Protected Disclosures Act 2000, unless it is shown that he acted in bad faith: (b) no Ombudsman, and no such person as aforesaid, shall be called to give evidence in any court, or in any proceedings of a judicial nature, in respect of anything coming to his knowledge in the exercise of his functions under this Act or the Official Information Act 1982 or the Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987 or the Protected Disclosures Act 2000. (2) Nothing in subsection (1) applies in respect of proceedings for (a) an offence against section 78 or section 78A(1) or section 105 or section 105A or section 105B of the Crimes Act 1961; or (b) the offence of conspiring to commit an offence against section 78 or section 78A(1) or section 105 or section 105A or section 105B of the Crimes Act 1961; or (c) the offence of attempting to commit an offence against section 78 or section 78A(1) or section 105 or section 105A or section 105B of the Crimes Act 1961. (3) Anything said or any information supplied or any document, paper, or thing produced by any person in the course of any inquiry by or proceedings before an Ombudsman under this Act or the Official Information Act 1982 or the Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987 or the Protected Disclosures Act 2000 shall be privileged in the same manner as if the inquiry or proceedings were proceedings in a court. (4) For the purposes of clause 3 of Part 2 of Schedule 1 of the Defamation Act 1992, any report made by an Ombudsman under this Act, or under the Official Information Act 1982, or under the Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987, or under the Protected Disclosures Act 2000, shall be deemed to be an official report made by a person holding an inquiry under the authority of the Parliament of New Zealand. | S. 48 of OIA, and 26 of OA |
| Nigeria | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 27(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Criminal Code, Penal Code, the Official Secrets Act, or any other enactment, no civil or criminal proceedings shall lie against an officer of any public institution, or against any person acting on behalf of a public institution, and no proceedings shall lie against such persons thereof, for the disclosure in good faith of any information, or any part thereof pursuant to this Act, for any consequences that flow from that disclosure, or for the failure to give any notice required under this Act, if care is taken to give the required notice. | |
| Pakistan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 23 No suit, prosecution or legal proceedings shall lie against the principal officer, designated official or any other person of a public body in respect of anything which in good faith is done or purported to have been done under this Act and the rules made thereunder. | |
| Peru | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 4 Responsabilidades y Sanciones: Todas las entidades de la Administración Pública quedan obligadas a cumplir lo estipulado en la presente norma. Los funcionarios o servidores públicos que incumplieran con las disposiciones a que se refiere esta Ley serán sancionados por la comisión de una falta grave, pudiendo ser incluso denunciados penalmente por la comisión de delito de Abuso de Autoridad a que hace referencia el Artículo 377° del Código Penal. El cumplimiento de esta disposición no podrá dar lugar a represalias contra los funcionarios responsables de entregar la información solicitada.
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Article 4 says compliance with the law cannot generate reprisals. I think that covers this, though there isn't a specific administrative body mentioned. |
| Romania | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Romanian Whistleblowers Law, Article 1: This law regulates certain actions regarding the protection of persons who claimed or notified violations of the law within the public authorities, public institutions and other units, committed by persons holding management or execution positions within the public authorities and institutions. | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 41; 49 | |
| Seychelles | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 66.(1) No person is criminally or civilly liable for the disclosure or authorisation of the disclosure in good faith of any information under this Act. (2) No person may be subjected to any detriment in the course of their employment by reason of the disclosure or authorisation of the disclosure in good faith of any information under this Act. 73. A suit or other legal proceedings shall not lie against the Information Commission, Chief Information Commissioner, Information Commissioners, Chief Executive Officer or other employees of the Information Commission for any action taken or intended to have been taken in pursuance of the provisions of this Act. | |
| South Africa | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 89 No person is criminally or civilly liable for anything done in good faith in the exercise or performance or purported exercise or performance of any power or duty in terms of this Act or the rules made under section 79. | |
| South Sudan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 44(3) and (4). | |
| Sri Lanka | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | Section 21. Any expenses incurred by any member, officer or employee of the Commission in any suit or prosecution brought by or against such person before any court in respect of any act or omission which is done or purported to be done by such person in good faith for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act shall, if the court holds that such act or omission was done in good faith, be paid out of the fund of the Commission unless such expenses are recovered by him in such suit or prosecution. Section 30. No liability, whether civil or criminal, shall attach to any public authority or any information officer or any other officer of such public authority, for anything which in good faith is done by such officer in the performance or exercise of any function or power imposed or assigned to such officer under this Act. Section 40. Notwithstanding any legal or other obligation to which a person may be subject to by virtue of being an officer or employee of any public authority, no officer or employee of a public authority shall be subjected to any punishment, disciplinary or otherwise, for releasing or disclosing any information which is permitted to be released or disclosed under this Act. | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 38. (1) Where access to a document has been given in accordance with the requirements of this Act or in good faith, in the belief that it was required to be given in accordance with this Act, unless malice is proved - (a) no action for defamation, breach of confidence or infringement of copyright may be brought against the public authority or against the responsible Minister, or an officer or employee of the public authority as a result of the giving of access; (b) no action for defamation or breach of confidence may be brought, in respect of any publication involved in the giving of access by the public authority, against - (I) any person who was the author of the document; or (II) any person as a result of that person having supplied the document or the information contained in it to the public authority; (d) no person shall be guilty of an offence by reason only of having authorised, or having been involved in the giving of the access. (2) The giving of access to a document, including an exempt document, in consequence of a request shall not be taken for the purposes of the law relating to defamation, breach of confidence or copyright, to constitute an authorisation or approval of the publication of the document or its contents by the person to whom access is given. (3) Nothing in this Act affects any privilege, whether qualified or absolute, which may attach at common law to the publishing of a statement. | |
| Uganda | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 45. Protection of officers. A public officer, information officer or other person acting on the directions of such a person is not subject to any civil or criminal liability for any act done or omitted to be done in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power or duty under this Act. | S. 45 |
| Vanuatu | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 63. Protection from liability (1) A civil or criminal liability action is not to be taken against the Information Commissioner or any staff of the Office of the Information Commissioner in respect of anything done or omitted to be done in good faith in the execution or purported execution of his or her functions and powers under this Act. (2) In addition to subsection (1), any information supplied pursuant to an investigation under this Act is privileged unless that information is shown to have been supplied with malice. 84. Good faith disclosures A Right to Information Officer or any person assisting the Right to Information Officer is not liable to any civil or criminal action, or any administrative or employment related sanction or detriment, for anything done in good faith in the exercise, performance or purported performance of any power or duty under this Act. | - |
| Zimbabwe | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | YES | 2 | 39 No criminal or civil liability shall attach to any person with respect to anything done or omitted to be done in good faith and without gross negligence in the exercise or performance or purported exercise or performance of any function in terms of this Act. | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 40(1) The Commissioner, any officer or employee of his Office or any other person acting on behalf of or under the direction of the Commissioner shall not be personally liable in criminal or civil proceedings for any act done in good faith pursuant to this Act. (2) For the purposes of proceedings for defamation, any information provided, whether orally or in writing, pursuant to an investigation by or on behalf of the Commissioner under this Act shall be treated as privileged information unless it is shown that that information was not provided in good faith. | |
| Armenia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 14(2) In the cases foreseen by the 3rd clause of the Article 8 of the following law, the disclosure of information can not cause administrative or criminal responsibility. | Only limited protection when using the public interest override |
| Croatia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Art.35.2.: The information Commissioner can not be held accountable, held in custody or legally sancioned for expressed opinion and undertaken actions within the designeted scope of work, unless these constitute violations of laws which are considered to be (criminal) offences. | Explicitly listed only for the Information Commissioner. |
| Ghana | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 17(2) A person who discloses information or authorises the disclosure of information under this section is not liable in criminal or civil proceedings for the disclosure or authorisation of the disclosure of information under this section. 74(1) An information officer is not liable to any action, claim, suit or demand whether criminal or civil for an omission or action taken by that information officer who. in the course of duty provides information to an applicant or in compliance with the provisions of this Act. (2) The giving of information under this Act or the making of a decision to give information does not constitute, for the purposes of the law relating to defamation or breach of confidence, an authorisation or approval of the publication of the information by the person to whom information is given. | Protection for disclosing on public interest grounds and then for information officers but not for all staff. |
| Guyana | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 42(1) Where access to a document has been given in accordance with the requirements of this Act or in good faith, in the belief that it was required to be given in accordance with this Act, unless malice is proved - (a) no action for defamation, breach of confidence or infringement of copyright may be brought against the Commissioner of Information, the public authority, the Minister, the responsible Minister, or an officer or employee of the public authority as a result of the giving of access; [...] 50(1) A public authority shall maintain and preserve records in relation to its functions and a copy of all official documents which are created by it or which come at any time into its possession, custody or power. (2) A person who wilfully destroys or damages a record or document required to be maintained and preserved under subsection (1), commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of three hundred thousand dollars and imprisonment for six months. (3) A person who knowingly destroys or damages a record or document which is required to be maintained and preserved under subsection (1) while a request for access to the record or document is pending commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for one year. (4) A person who knowingly is in unlawful possession of an exempt document commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of three hundred thousand dollars and to imprisonment for six months. (5) A person to whom access to a document is given and that person alters or defaces, obliterates or erases, destroys or conceals any part of the document with the intention of preventing the accurate disclosure of its contents, if published, is liable on summary conviction to a fine of three hundred thousand dollars and imprisonment for six months. (6) A person who obstructs the Commissioner of Information or any person acting on behalf or under the direction of the Commissioner of Information in the performance of the Commissioner of Information's duties and functions under this Act commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of three hundred thousand dollars and imprisonment for six months. (7) A person who discloses any content of exempt documents commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for six months. (8) A person who publishes exempt information on a website, blog site, any other social networking site, internet radio, or any other media commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for one year. | 42(1)(a) has some protections - but they're not comprehensive - only for defamation, breach of confidence or infringement fo copyright. 50 contains penalties for wrongly disclosing exempt information. |
| Israel | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | N/A | According to Tort Act, civil servants, including employees of the Freedom of Information unit and freedom of information officers, are protected from any tort lawsuits on acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power. No criminal protections however. |
| Jamaica | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 33(2) Where access to a document referred to in subsection (1) is granted in the bona fide belief that the grant of such access is required by this Act, no action for defamation, breach of confidence or breach of copyright shall lie against - (a) the Government or any public authority, any Minister or any public officer involved in the grant of such access, by reason of the grant of access or of any republication of that document; or (b) the author of the document or any other person who supplied the document to the Government or the public authority, in respect of the publication involved in or resulting from the grant of access, by reason of having so supplied the document. Article 35(1) Where access to an official document is granted in accordance with this Act, the person who authorizes such access and any other person concerned in the granting thereof shall not, by reason only of so doing, be guilty of a criminal offence. (2) Subject to subsection (3), nothing in this Act shall affect the provisions of any other Act other than the Official Secrets Act, relating to the non-disclosure of information. (3) For the avoidance of any doubt, it is hereby declared that the Official Secrets Act shall apply in relation to the grant of access to an official document in contravention of this Act. | 33(2) and 35 provide protection from defamation suits or breach of confidence only. |
| Namibia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 4. The right of access to information conferred by section 30 is guaranteed based on the following principles that - ... (g) a person who discloses information in good faith is not subject to any sanction except where a relevant law provides otherwise. 84(1) A person is not personally liable for any loss or damage caused by the disclosure or authorisation of the disclosure of any information in good faith in the course of exercising or performing his or her powers or functions under this Act, unless the loss or damage was caused as a result of the gross negligence or unlawful conduct of the person. (2) A staff member of a public or private entity may not be subjected to any detriment in the course of his or her employment by reason of the disclosure or authorisation of the disclosure in good faith of any information under this Act. | Although s. 4(g) contains a protection it contains a major claw-back ("except where a relevant law provides otherwise"). S. 84 provides fairly strong protections but then there is again a clawback if the action is illegal so only one point allocated. |
| Nepal | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 36. Save to Works done with Good Faith: Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, no case shall be filed and no punishment shall be imposed against the Chief or Information Officer for his/her works regarding the dissemination of information in good faith. | Limited to Chief and Information Officer. |
| Niger | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 33: Toute autorité administrative ou tout agent d’un service coupable de diffusion de l’une des informations ou documents non communicables visés aux articles 13 et 14 de la présente ordonnance, s’expose aux sanctions disciplinaires, sans préjudice des sanctions prévues par les textes en vigueur. Tout usager de service public coupable de diffusion d’une information publique ou d’un document administratif non communicable est passible des sanctions prévues par les textes en vigueur. Nonobstant toutes dispositions légales contraires, les personnes qui ont diffusé ou signalé des agissements constitutifs d’une infraction, un manquement à une obligation légale, une erreur judiciaire ou des actes graves d’incurie dans la gestion d’une administration publique, doivent être protégées et être à l’abri de toute sanction judiciaire, administrative ou professionnelle. | No - Article 33 allows for punishments for disclosing info wrongly, but Section 4 of the Ombudsman Act gives the Ombudsman immunity. |
| Serbia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 32. Paragraph 4: "A Commissioner may not be held liable for any opinion he has expressed or any proposal he has made in the exercise of his authority, and may not be held liable for any criminal act committed in the exercise of his authority without the approval of the National Assembly" | The commissioner has legal immunity for acts taken in pursuit of their mandate. No mention about others (1 point loss). |
| Sierra Leone | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 36. No criminal or civil proceedings shall lie against the Commission or other staff in respect of any matter or thing done in good faith in the performance of its or their functions under this Act. | Depends on how "any other staff" is interpreted - but this seems to apply only to Commission staff. |
| South Korea | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 28 No one shall be put at a disadvantage in terms of his/her status, including disciplinary measures, or be discriminated in work conditions on the grounds of legitimate information disclosure under this Act. | Seems to be limited to work-related conditions. |
| Tanzania | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Section 6(6) Any person who- (a) disclose exempt information, other than information relating to national security, commits an offence and shall, on conviction be liable to imprisonment for a term not less than three years but not exceeding five years. (b) discloses exempt information relating to national security, commits offence and the provisions of the National Security Act shall apply. Section 24: Officers in the service or employment of any information holder shall not be subject to any civil or criminal liability for any act done or omitted to be done in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power or duty under this Act | Appears to be a contradiction between s. 6(6), which provides for penalties for those who wrongly disclose exempt information and s. 24, which provides for protections for those who disclose in good faith. |
| Thailand | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Section 20. In disclosing any information the disclosure of which may constitute liability under any law, the State official shall be deemed to he exempt from such liability if he acts in good faith in the following circumstances: (1) in respect of the information under section 15, where the State official duly proceeds in accordance with the Rule issued under section 16; (2) in respect of the information under section 15, where the State official of the level specified in the Ministerial Regulation issues an order for a general disclosure or a specific disclosure to any person for securing a benefit of greater importance which relates to public interest, life, body, health or other benefit of a person and such order is reasonable; for this purpose, a restriction or condition may be imposed on the use of such information as appropriate. The disclosure of the information under parag raph one does not constitute a ground for exempting the State agency from liability under the law, if any in such case. | S. 20 but doesn't apply to all exceptions. |
| Togo | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Article 4 : Le Médiateur de la République ne peut être poursuivi, recherché, arrêté, détenu ou jugé à l'occasion des opinions qu'il émet ou des actes qu'il accomplit dans l'exercise de ses fonctions. | Loi 2003-021. Limited protection for the mediator. |
| United Kingdom | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Section 79: "Where any information communicated by a public authority to a person ("the applicant") under section 1 was supplied to the public authority by a third person, the publication to the applicant of any defamatory matter contained in the information shall be privileged unless the publication is shown to have been made with malice." | This Section protects third parties from defamation if information which they have supplied to a public authority is released under FOI. |
| Venezuela | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | Constitution 143. Los ciudadanos y ciudadanas tienen derecho a ser informados e informadas oportuna y verazmente por la Administración Pública, sobre el estado de las actuaciones en que estén directamente interesados e interesadas, y a conocer las resoluciones definitivas que se adopten sobre el particular. Asimismo, tienen acceso a los archivos y registros administrativos, sin perjuicio de los límites aceptables dentro de una sociedad democrática en materias relativas a seguridad interior y exterior, a investigación criminal y a la intimidad de la vida privada, de conformidad con la ley que regule la materia de clasificación de documentos de contenido confidencial o secreto. No se permitirá censura alguna a los funcionarios públicos o funcionarias públicas que informen sobre asuntos bajo su responsabilidad. 282. El Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo gozará de inmunidad en el ejercicio de sus funciones y, por lo tanto, no podrá ser perseguido o perseguida, detenido o detenida, ni enjuiciado o enjuiciada por actos relacionados con el ejercicio de sus funciones. En cualquier caso conocerá de manera privativa el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. Ley Orgánica de la Defensoría del Pueblo 23. Inmunidad. El Defensor o Defensora del Pueblo gozará de inmunidad en el ejercicio de sus funciones, desde su designación hasta la conclusión de su mandato. En tal virtud, no podrá ser perseguido o perseguida, detenido o detenida ni enjuiciado o enjuiciada por las opiniones que emita o por los actos que realice en el ejercicio de sus atribuciones constitucionales y legales. En los casos de presunta comisión de un delito, conocerá en forma privativa el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, única autoridad que podrá ordenar su detención y continuar su enjuiciamiento. En caso de delito flagrante, la autoridad competente lo o la pondrá bajo custodia en su residencia y lo comunicará de inmediato al Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. | Ombudsman has immunity. The Constitution has some protection for other officials at Article 143 but this is in a more limited context (public administration) and not a clear enough protection of immunity absent more specificity in the access to information law. |
| Zambia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 1 | 37 | |
| Andorra | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | No mention in the law |
| Angola | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Argentina | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Austria | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | N/A |
| Azerbaijan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Belgium | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Benin | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Brazil | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Bulgaria | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Cape Verde | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Chile | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| China | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Colombia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | The original draft of Law 1712 of 2014 provided for exemption of criminal, disiplinary and civil liability if there was good faith but this provision was ruled unconstitutional. |
| Costa Rica | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Cyprus | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Czech Republic | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Denmark | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Dominican Republic | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| East Timor | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Ecuador | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| El Salvador | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Estonia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Finland | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | The independent oversight body (Parliamentary Ombudsman and Chancellor of Justice) do not have immunity in the exercise of their charges. |
| France | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Georgia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Germany | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Greece | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Guatemala | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Guinea | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Honduras | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Hungary | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Iceland | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Indonesia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Iran | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Article 21. Any person, either natural or legal, whose physical and intellectual interests have been damaged as a result of the publication of false information related to this individual has the right to deny the published information or provide explanation about it or demand remedy for the damages the person sustained according to general rules of civil liability. Note - In case, true information is published contrary to the articles of this law, real and legal individuals are entitled to demand remedy for the incurred damages, subject to the general rules of civil liability. | |
| Italy | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Ivory Coast | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Japan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Jordan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | 15 When the Director of the National Library department assumes the terms of reference of the Information Commissioner beside his/her base profession, his/her legal liability shall be limited to the information kept with his/her department. | Article 15 seems to hint at this, but its meaning is unclear and, even given a generous interpretation, fails to provide an acceptable standard of protection. |
| Kazakhstan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Kosovo | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Kuwait | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Kyrgyzstan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Latvia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Lebanon | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Liechtenstein | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Lithuania | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Luxembourg | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Malta | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Mexico | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | ||
| Moldova | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Monaco | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Mongolia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Montenegro | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Morocco | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Mozambique | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | ARTIGO 19 (Incorrect disclosure of information) In case of errors in the disclosure of classified information, the liability of the applicant who divulgated it is excluded. ARTIGO 37 (Violation of the Secrecy) 1. The violation of the professional secrecy is sanctioned according to the dispositions ruling the activities or the applicable labor law legislation. 2. The sanctions for the violation of the judicial secrecy are regulated by its own legislation. 3. The dispositions of the banking law applies to the violation of the banking secrecy. ARTIGO 38 (Violation of Human Dignity) Without prejudice to the civil liability, the sanctions for the crimes against the honor provided by the criminal law applies to the violation of personality rights . ARTIGO 39 (Violation of the State secrecy) 1. Without prejudice to the application of the disciplinary regulations, the violation of the State secrecy is punished according to the proper dispositions. 2. Without prejudice to the application of the sanctions as in the previous number, the entities who shall observe the State secrecy may use administrative measures to impede the access or the disclosure of confidential information. The citizen may appeal towards this measures. ARTIGO 40 (Violation of the industrial and intellectual property) Specific legislation applies to the disclosure and divulgation of information protected by industrial or intellectual property . ARTIGO 41 (Misuse of information) 1. The misuse of information is punished in terms of defamation injury and libel by the Criminal Law. 2. Without prejudice to the previous number, the misuse of information can be punished by other criminal dispositions. | All about punishing wrong disclosure, not protecting; requesters are protected |
| Netherlands | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Nicaragua | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| North Macedonia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Norway | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Palau | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | |
| Panama | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Artículo 18: La actuación del director general y de los delegados de este en el ejercicio de sus funciones y atribuciones gozará de presunción de legalidad, de diligencia y de buena fe. Ninguna demanda en contra de estos por razón de su actuación implicará la separación de su cargo hasta que no se decida la causa. Artículo 24: El director general podrá ser demandado civilmente, pero no podrán decretarse secuestros u otras medidas cautelares sobre su patrimonio desde el día de su nombramiento hasta el vencimiento de su periodo. | Protection only extends to the oversight body and it is very limited in nature anyway. |
| Paraguay | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Philippines | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Poland | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | There is no independent oversight body. | |
| Portugal | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Qatar | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned | |
| Russia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Federal Law on the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. Article 5 (Impermissibility of interference in the exercise of prosecutorial supervision): "1. Any influence whatsoever exercised by federal state authorities, state authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, public associations, the media, representatives thereof and officials on a prosecutor or investigator with a view to influencing their decisions or any hindering of their activities shall give rise to the liability provided for by law." | |
| Rwanda | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | Partially | 0 | Article 18: Prohibited acts: The following acts shall be prohibited: voluntarily revelation of a State secret and accessing to a State secret with a view to reveal it;.. (5) spreading false information with intent to create a hostile international opinion against the Rwandan State; | Art 16 provides a limited protection here, but the regulations nullify this with explicit prohibitions. |
| San Marino | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A. | |
| Saudi Arabia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Slovakia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Slovenia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Spain | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Sudan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Sweden | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Switzerland | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. | |
| Taiwan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Tajikistan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | |
| Tunisia | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Turkey | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | No specific mention. |
| Ukraine | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| United States | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not listed in the law, or any surrounding regulation I could find. Plus - this isn't really applicable since the oversight bodies don't actually release information. | |
| Uruguay | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned. |
| Uzbekistan | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Vietnam | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | N/A | Not mentioned |
| Yemen | The independent oversight body and its staff are granted legal immunity for acts undertaken in good faith in the exercise or performance of any power, duty or function under the RTI Law. Others are granted similar immunity for the good faith release of information pursuant to the RTI Law. | Score 1 for oversight body, 1 for immunity for others | 2 | NO | 0 | Not mentioned. |
